The Roman gladius was a short sword used by Roman soldiers, particularly legionaries, from around the 4th century BCE to the 3rd century CE. Typically measuring 18-24 inches in length, it was designed for close combat and thrusting. The gladius had a double-edged blade, a wooden or bone hilt, and often featured a ridged grip for better handling. Its design allowed for powerful and precise strikes, making it a deadly weapon in tight formations.