Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a specialized procedure used to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts and pancreas. It combines endoscopy with imaging techniques to provide a detailed view of internal duct systems. The procedure is performed by guiding a flexible tube through the mouth into the digestive tract. A contrast dye is then used to highlight the ducts, helping identify blockages, stones, or narrowing. One of its key advantages is the ability to perform treatment during the same procedure. This may include removing obstructions or improving fluid flow within the ducts. Careful evaluation is required before undergoing ERCP to ensure suitability. Recovery is generally quick, with short observation following the procedure. Follow-up care is important to monitor outcomes and prevent recurrence. ERCP offers an effective and minimally invasive approach for managing biliary and pancreatic conditions.